https://www.agriscigroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-plant-science A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 28 Jan, 2026 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-11-166.php The Ferry Morse heirloom seeds of the Roma tomato variety were germinated in the greenhouse at Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX. The seedlings were used to study the effects of water stress or deficit irrigation (DI) on organ cell wall and lumen development in Solanum lycopersicum. The seedlings were pre-acclimated to four DI treatments of 100% (control), 75%, 50%, and 25% in a randomized complete block experiment and grown until flowering occurred. The seedlings were watered only when the control needed watering, and the amount of water used on the treatments was a fraction of the quantity required to saturate the control treatment pots. The results indicate that DI impacted plant organ cell wall and lumen development but had no effect on the stem lumen. A pooled data analysis of the organ measurements to understand the effect of DI on the species anatomical structures indicates that DI had an effect on cell wall development of the whole plant, but no effect on the lumen of the species. 07 Oct, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-10-165.php Efficient logistics are becoming a cornerstone of economic growth in Cambodia. Global reports, like the World Bank’s analysis of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), consistently highlight that a strong logistics sector is vital for a country’s competitiveness on the international stage. This research, drawing insights from studies on other developing regions, examines how improvements in logistics over a decade directly impact economic indicators in Cambodia. We conducted a comprehensive factor analysis, considering not only the logistics sector (including transport and telecommunications) but also broader economic measures such as GDP, trade, and industrial output. Our findings identify key interconnected factors that drive Cambodia’s economic expansion. These include the health of general and agricultural industries, investment levels, trade volumes (especially auto transport and freight turnover), the state of communication networks (service and mobile), and the efficiency of railway and air transport. The study reveals that logistics efficiency significantly influences not only Cambodia’s current economic growth but also its future development and integration into the global economy. 26 Jul, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-10-164.php In recent years, nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to their unique properties in improving various functions in agriculture and plant biology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by a green method using rose extract on growth indices and phytochemical traits of the medicinal plant cumin. Seeds and plants were treated with two concentrations of nanoparticles: (0.01, 0.1 mg/mL). The investigated indices included germination percentage, shoot length, root length, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total phenols, and total tannins. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s test at the 0.05 level. The results showed that the application of nanoparticles at both concentrations caused a significant increase in all indices compared to the control group. In the 0.1 nano treatment, the germination percentage increased by 33.33%, the root length increased by 130%, and shoot length by 72%. Also, at this concentration, the number of total flavonoids increased by 28.5%, total phenols increased by 36%, and total tannins increased by 25%. Overall, the findings showed that magnesium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method may serve as a biocompatible agent to enhance growth and enhancing the bioactive compound content in cumin plants. 28 Mar, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-10-163.php This paper aims to analyse a famous model of community forest conservation and management of ethnic minority (or indigenous) people in central anamite, Viet Nam. These practices of the local community have existed for a long time in the region and were recently adopted by government laws. However, the customary laws of local community and indigenous knowledge of local people has declined due to various factors, including changes in society, economy, environment, and perception, due to various factors . Research conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province, through household interviews, group discussions, and field surveys, found that community forest conservation retains religious and human significance. They often represent some of the last remaining natural forests due to deforestation by human activities. The research results indicate challenges that conservation of community forestry may face, while giving recommendations derived from communities for sustainable forest development and conservation in the region. 21 Feb, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-10-162.php Mangoes are grown in tropical and subtropical countries in the world. Post-harvest spoilage of mangoes greatly reduces their quality and market value. Pests of mangoes include fruit flies, stone weevils, and mealy bugs while the main pathogens are the fungi. Several diseases have been reported in mangoes such as anthracnose, stem end rot, Aspergillus niger rot, soft rot, and Alternaria rot. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, and identify fungal species causing post-harvest spoilage of mangoes in Uganda. Mangoes with signs of fungal infection were purchased from markets in Kampala, small pieces (2X2mm) were cut and extracted from the infected tissue of the mangoes, surface sterilized by dipping them in 1% (V/V) Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) solution for 60 seconds, rinsed 3 times with sterile distilled water and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with chloramphenicol at 28 °C with 12-hour photoperiod for 7 days. Pure colonies were obtained from single spore isolation and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, Neofusicoccum parvum, Aspergillus krugeri, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae after morphological and molecular characterization. Pathogenicity of the isolates was performed according to Koch’s postulates and two control samples were included. The effect of fruit maturity and incubation temperature were also investigated by using ripe and unripe fruits and incubating at different 15 °C, 28 °C, and 35 °C. Ripe mangoes showed severe symptoms compared to the unripe mangoes when incubated at 28 °C and the results further showed that 28 °C was the favorable growth temperature for the fungi and that all the isolates were pathogenic. 20 Jul, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-9-161.php KUULLEE (EH08027-2) field pea variety is an improved variety selected from eleven pipelines including standard check LAMMIIF during the trial was undertaken at three test locations (Gedo, Shambu, and Arjo) in randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The study was conducted with the objectives of releasing a variety that is high yield, disease resistant, and stable than the other competent genotypes from 2016-2020 for five consecutive years. The accessions originated first from the Field Pea Center of Excellence (Holetta Agricultural Research Center). The new variety, KUULLEE (2795.23 kg ha-1) was 10.15% yield advantages over the standard check LAMMIIF (2537.5 kg ha-1). KUULLEE variety is mainly used for the “SHIRO type”. The GGE revealed that EH08027-2 or KUULLEE variety is high-yielding, stable, and moderately resistant to Blotch, Downy Mildews, and Powdery Mildews field pea disease. Therefore, the KUULLEE variety was officially released in 2021 for Western Oromia and similar agro-ecologies. 24 Jun, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-9-160.php Negative food safety reports over the use of synthetic pesticides in controlling bacteria disease of pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv is increasing in Nigeria, hence the need for friendly options. An experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, located on latitude 70 12N and longitude 50 35E at 350m above sea levels, to evaluate the effect of varying levels of achichi (Cannabis sativum L.) seed oil extract in the inhibition of bacteria spot disease of scotch pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Treatments include; Positive control (Synthetic Rindomil gold), Negative control (distill water), 2 ml ASO (Achichi seed oil), and 4ml ASO (Achichi seed oil) which were randomly distributed into plots, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results showed that the application of ASO had bactericidal inhibition potential against the bacteria spot diseases comparable to the synthetic ridomil powder. Application of between 2 – 4 ml / 1 liter of water of ASO was found to significantly influence the general performance of sprayed pepper in the study area. Further investigation should be carried out to determine the right volume between the ranges of 2 ml – 4 ml of ASO that can effectively control the bacteria spot disease in the study area. 30 Mar, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-9-159.php The sustainability of ecosystems is threatened especially in unique spaces that traditionally have a great wealth of biodiversity. Since the beginning of the 80s, the multifactorial syndrome called “la seca” has been the main disease that affects the holm oaks and cork oaks characteristic of the Mediterranean forest, and that gradually dries the trees until they die. This pathology is multicausal and one of the agents with the greatest lethal power is Phythoptora cinamomi, of the Protista genus, considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Current solutions are based on preventive cultural practices and the use of palliatives, mainly chemicals. Research is advancing rapidly in the field and biocontrol solutions are being incorporated, such as the use of biological phytosanitary products, such as microorganisms or plant extracts with direct action against the pathogen, but which still present major deficiencies. The global overexploitation that has led to the rise of these pathogenic microorganisms leads to an impoverishment of the natural microbiome of the pastures, so it is necessary to reestablish this microbiome and the balance of the soils so that they recover their suppressive characteristics against P. cinnamomi and other pathogens that could threaten the disease. The objectives of this review are to raise awareness of the current problems in the Mediterranean forest ecosystem, and its relationship with a global phytopathogen such as Phythopthora cinnamomi, and to provide new strategies for soil regeneration. 24 Jan, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-9-158.php This study evaluates the Fatty Acids (FAs) components of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). The fatty acids were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of the PKO obtained through soxhlet extraction of the dry ground sample of the seeds using n-hexane. The fatty acids obtained were characterized and identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS results revealed the presence of Saturated Fatty Acids (SAFAs) and Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFAs). The results show the presence of abundant lauric acid (42.21%) is vital in the application of the seed oil as an antibacterial agent with the ability to effectively combat acne. The average iodine value of 6.23 indicates that the highly saturated PKO will be less prone to oxidation resulting in better oxidation stability. Furthermore, the acid value of 12.22 as reported in this study unravels the state and edibility of the oil under consideration. This indicates that the PKO has a high possibility to undergo easy hydrolysis. However, its ability to melt at too low a temperature, prompting the need for hydrogenation is a gap in its application for most industrial production that requires thermally induced temperature. 19 Jul, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-157.php Most soils have experience nutrient depletion as a result of long-term farming, making good yields only possible with the application of fertilizers. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to create a total of fifteen (15) plots in the study, which was conducted at the Rufus Giwa Polytechnic's Teaching Research and Commercial Farms in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study examined the impact of various rates of cattle manure on cucumber. The results revealed that the performance of cucumbers was significantly impacted by an increase in the rate of cattle manure, with 15 tha-1 of cattle manure producing the best results in terms of growth and yield (3.45 cm, 73.46 cm, 171.22 cm2, 16.83, 9.83 cm, 21.89 cm, 17.19 cm, and 5.14 kg as stem girth, vine length, leaf area, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit circumference) and the lowest from control. According to the study, applying cattle manure in the study area at a rate of 15 tha-1 considerably improves cucumber growth and yield. In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and eliminate the need to apply inorganic fertilizer, farmers in the research area are advised to amend their soils with 15 tha-1 cattle dung. 27 Jun, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-156.php Common bean root rot caused by fungal pathogens is an important disease affecting common bean crops in Ethiopia. Information on pathogen identification, characterization, and management options is lacking for the Ethiopian bean production system. This study aimed to assess the major causal fungal pathogens and their management through host resistance methods. Initially, a field survey was conducted in three districts in 2016. It was cored forty-five (45) common bean fields. In the mean time, disease samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Secondly, pathogen identification and characterization were done in Laboratory at Haramaya University, followed by a pathogenicity test. Thirdly, a genotypic reaction was done on twenty common bean varieties by using four fungal genera (F. oxysporum, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and R. solani) as experimental materials that were arranged in (CRD) design with three replications. Out of forty-five (45) common bean fields assessed 33 farms exhibited the disease. In the pathogenicity test, all the isolates were found pathogenic and showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference. In addition, the analysis of variance also showed that out of the tested twenty varieties, some released varieties (Dandesu, Tinike, SER-125, Dursitu, and Chorie), Chorie and (Dursitu, Chorie, Cranscope, Argene and SAB 632) showed highly significant at (p≤ 0.001) to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solani while they didn’t exhibit any significant (p < 0.05) difference to Macrophomina phaseolina. In conclusion, those varieties showing resistance characters were recommended for growers. 27 Jun, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-155.php Sowing date is the major problem in the production and productivity of sesame in western Oromia Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to identify optimum sowing dates for sesame varieties to produce better seed yields. A field experiment consisting of the combination of three sesame varieties and three sowing times employed Randomized Complete Block in factorial arrangements with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that plant height; branches number per plant and number of capsules per plant were significantly increased with sowing sesame at the onset of rainfall. All sesame varieties sown on the onset of rainfall gave the maximum seed yield in both years whereas three varieties had low yield at 10 days after the first and 20 days after the first. Among the three varieties, the Walin variety produced a maximum seed yield of 670 and 747 kg ha-1 on a farm in the first and second year respectively. The maximum yield (670 and 971 kg ha-1) was obtained from Walin and Obsa sesame varieties in the first and second years of the farm respectively. Therefore, the result indicated that sowing sesame varieties at the onset of rainfall is recommended for Chewaka areas and similar agroecology. 27 Jun, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-154.php In Ethiopia, wheat is a strategic crop to solve food insecurity. However, there is a lack of improved variety which can increase surplus production. Thus, demonstration and use of improved and new variety are important for producers. This demonstration aimed to evaluate the yield performance and profitability of the Adola 1 bread wheat variety. Adola 1 and the local variety were demonstrated on 10 m x 10 m during the 2021 production year in the midland districts of the Guji zone. Farmers were trained in wheat production. Interviews and measurements were taken to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive, net income, and narrations. The result of the demonstration showed that Adola 1 variety gave a higher yield (36.41 qt/ha) than the local variety (23.21 qt/ha) in the Wadera district. The result of net income showed that Adola 1 variety gave more Net income (73266.79 ETB/ha) than the local variety (26830.71 ETB/ha). Production of the Adola 1 variety was more profitable than locally used varieties at Midland. The color of Adola 1 was preferred by farmers for market and household consumption purposes. Adola 1 was an early matured variety so it was preferred by farmers. Adola 1 was more easily threshed than the local variety in the Wadera district. Despite being affected by birds the early maturity of the Adola 1 variety was likened by experimental farmers. Farmers should use Adola 1 variety in their bread wheat production. For further promotion, the pre-scaling up of the Adola 1 variety should be conducted in the midland districts of the Guji zone. 06 May, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-153.php In order to investigate the effect of amino acids tryptophan and glutamic acid on the morphological traits of the saffron medicinal plant, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications in 2018 in the research farm of Zanjan University. The experimental treatments include three genotypes (Iranian, Afghani 1, and Afghani 2) as the main treatment and tryptophan amino acid at two levels (1 and 2 mM) and glutamic acid at two levels (1 and 2 mM) as secondary treatments. They were considered as testify. The results showed that tryptophan and glutamic acid treatments had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) on most of the studied traits including the number of flowers, dry weight of flowers, and vegetative body. The highest content of the number of flowers and dry weight of flowers were observed, respectively, 34.6 and 37.36 mg of dry weight. Also, the performance characteristics of the fresh weight of the flower and the dry weight of the stigma showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) under the treatment of two amino acids. In total, different levels of tryptophan and glutamic acid can have an effective role in improving the morphological traits and production of this product. The use of 1 mM glutamic acid to produce the maximum vegetative body of the plant, the treatment of 1 and 2 mM of both amino acids to improve morphological indicators, and 1 mM of glutamic acid for the performance of secondary metabolites is desirable and recommended for the purpose. 27 Apr, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-152.php A new disease of Brachiaria was observed in 2009 at the CIAT experiment station in Palmira, Colombia, on plants of B. humidicola (CIAT accession no.16888). In 2016, the disease was observed on multiple genotypes of B. humidicola, Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, and Brachiaria hybrid Cayman. Symptoms included chlorosis along the midribs and yellowing on flag-leaf margins, followed by wilting and necrosis of foliage. Bacteria isolated from the lesions were cream-colored and produced a yellow, diffusible, non-fluorescent pigment on King´s medium B. Thirty-two bacterial strains fitting this description were pathogenic on Brachiaria spp. and were identified as Burkholderia glumae by PCR and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Real-time PCR was the most sensitive and accurate method evaluated for identifying the pathogen. B. glumae 88b, a highly-virulent strain identified in this study, was inoculated to ten Brachiaria genotypes including B. decumbens, B. brizantha ‘Marandú, B. brizantha ‘Toledo’, B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha ‘Piata’ and Brachiaria hybrids CIAT 36061, CIAT 36062, CIAT 36087, BR02/1752, and BR02/1794. B. glumae 88b was pathogenic on nine of the Brachiaria genotypes; interestingly, CIAT 36062 was resistant to strain 88b. This knowledge of B. glumae would help to develop bacterial blight disease management. 01 Mar, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-151.php Somatic embryogenesis serves as an effective alternative system for in vitro cultivation of endangered plants (Syzygium cumini), as it allows for the propagation of plants under a controlled environment. So produce hundreds of embryos that can be used as artificial seeds. Somatic embryos of Syzygium cumini, family Myrtaceae, were induced from the calli of a sterile leaf explant in Murashige and Skoog's medium with 6 ppm 2,4-D. After the transfer of the developed calli into liquid media supplemented with the same concentration of growth regulator, all three embryonic stages (globular, heart and torpedo) were observed after 6 weeks. Liquid media with growth regulators appeared to enhance the development to torpedo-stage embryos, especially at six weeks of age cultures. 12 weeks after the transfer of the callus into liquid media, flasks containing predominantly one microscopic stage were pooled and plated on fresh solid media lacking a growth regulator, where the embryogenic calli germinated showing shoots and aerial parts. Embryogenesis production protocol is considered a good tool to save plants from extinction, especially in Syzygium cumini which is a very important anti-diabetic drug. 04 Feb, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-8-150.php Seed deterioration is one of the major problems in agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Seed deterioration reduces seed vigor and seedling establishment in the field. To introduce methods with sufficient sensitivity to more accurately determine the degree of grain deterioration, various methods have been developed under the conventional name of "vigor tests". This study aims to provide a rapid method for assessing seed vigor using the electrical conductivity test. The germination test and emergence test were performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included the Tritipyrom line at 13 levels and seed deterioration at two levels. Germination percentage, emergence percentage, and electrical conductivity were significantly affected by seed deterioration. The highest electrical conductivity and the lowest electrical conductivity were respectively related to the lines of (Ka/b)(cr/b)F2 and (St/b)(Cr/b)F4. Although the lines are not significantly different in terms of germination and emergence percentage. Electrolyte leakage in aged seeds increased sharply in the first hours and then had a diminishing, after which it stopped and followed the logarithmic model, But the lines were different in terms of the slope of the first part of the graph (which was exponential).with its help, we can classify the lines or variety in terms of the amount of cell leakage, which indicates the amount of cell permeability. The highest (37.03) and lowest (29.01) slopes in the exponential part of the graph were related to the numbers (Ka/b)(cr/b)F2 and(St/b)(Cr/b)F4 line respectively. Therefore, by using a simple and quick four-hour electrical conductivity test, cultivars can be classified in terms of storage potential and early vigor. 09 Nov, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-7-149.php Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a very important crop in the world. Portugal was traditionally sown as a spring crop and so extremely affected by long periods of drought and temperature variation throughout the growth cycle. Chickpea grain yields decrease substantially due to increased air temperature and the severity of drought. To face the Mediterranean-type climate pattern, chickpea breeding programs were reoriented to develop chickpea germplasm tolerant/resistant to the main abiotic and biotic stress and adapted to different environments and production systems. This study relates chickpea yields (35 years) with rainfall average in Alentejo, a Southern Portugal region with a Mediterranean-type climate. Our approach shows that selection should apply multiple and complementary criteria. The physiological and morphological studies are important in breeding programs, to combine not only resistance to drought and temperature, and biotic stress but also high yield potential and yield stability. The main objective is to obtain new chickpea varieties for the rainfed conditions of the Mediterranean region. From this work, four chickpea varieties (Kabuli type), were registered on the National Variety Catalogue. Actually, the national chickpea genetic breeding program has already registered 11 varieties. 15 Sep, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-7-148.php Eleven common bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) varieties that were released in Ethiopia from 1998 to 2014 were evaluated as medium seeded food type common bean varieties. The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate the genetic progress made in 16 years of common bean breeding in Ethiopia; (2) assess changes in associated traits in the genetic improvement of common bean varieties released in Ethiopia; and (3) assess the reaction of common bean varieties to bean anthracnose [Clletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara]. The study was conducted at two locations, Bako and Gute during the 2014/2015 cropping season in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Days to 50% flowering (DF), Days to 90% maturity (DM), Grain filling period (GFP), Hundred Seed weight (HSW), Biomass yield (BMY), Grain yield per plot (GY), Harvest index (HI), Biomass production rate (kg/ha/day), Seed growth rate (kg/ha/day), Grain yield per day (kg/ha/day) and Anthracnose (1-9) scale data were collected on plot basis and Plant height, Number of pods per plant, Number of seeds per pod, Number of seeds per plant and grain yield per plant data’s were collected on a plant basis. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the common bean varieties and between test environments for hundred seed weight. The variety by location (VXL) interaction showed highly significant differences in biomass yield, harvest index, days to flowering, grain filling period, and biomass production rate. Regression analysis of mean performance at both environments on year of varietal release showed positive relationship for Gran yield (r = 0.08), Seed weight (r = 0.08) and Harvest index (r = 0.4) but negative relationship for Biomass yield (r = 0.04) and anthracnose disease severity (r = 0.016). The highest mean grain yield was 3008.7 kg ha-1 for the Haramaya variety and the lowest was 1708.8 kg ha-1 for Ada, with an overall mean of 2271.1 kg ha-1. The annual rate of genetic progress was 22.3 kg ha-1 (0.31% ha-1), 0.56g 100 seeds-1 year-1, 0.006%, 0.19%, and -60 kg ha-1 year-1 for grain yield, seed weight, harvest index, anthracnose disease severity, and biomass yield respectively. Generally, grain yield was slightly increased in the period of genetic improvement. Grain yield day-1 (90%) character explained more for the variation of grain yield but, anthracnose disease severity played the major role as grain yield did not respond significantly increment by (-33%) than seed weight (-0.01%) from stepwise regression results. The yield of medium seeded food type common bean varieties was increased due to grain yield day-1 for the past sixteen years (1998-2014) of breeding. The future crucial consideration will be managing the disease, like anthracnose disease for this common bean class and finally, Haramaya (3008.7 kg ha-1), SER- 125 (2954.8 kg ha-1), and SER-119 (2653.1 kg ha-1) will be recommended for the study area. 03 Jun, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-7-147.php Barringtonia racemosa L. (Putat) was mostly utilized as a treatment for wound infections and other types of skin diseases locally. The leaves of B. racemosa are traditionally used to treat high blood pressure and as a depurative. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activities and phytochemical profile of the leaf extracts of Barringtonia racemosa L. (Putat) against selected pathogens. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves were explicitly prepared and applied to two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), whereas the Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) used the disc diffusion method based on the standard procedure. Moreover, among the test microorganisms, only the Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to the ethanolic extracts of Barringtonia racemosa L. with the diameter of zone of inhibition ranging from 13.81±0.96 mm to 14.85±0.57 mm. The findings of this study suggested that the tribes could explicitly continue utilizing this ethnomedicinal plant as a source of treatment. Thus, the ethanol extracts of the leaves of B. racemosa were found to be effective against several pathogens used in this study, which certainly highlights the potential extremity of herbal drugs and their possible use as local medicine. Hence, there has been a continuing search for new and more potent antibiotics. 31 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-7-146.php The study was carried out in the Dodola district of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and farmers varieties preference of Linseed at Alantu kebele within the Farmers Training Center (FTC) demonstration plot of Dodola district of West Arsi Zone. Along with their management practices under the Farmers Training Center (FTC) field to enhance farmers’ knowledge and skill on Linseed production performance. The verities used to demonstrate were, improved Linseed varieties namely Kuma, Yadano, Bekoji-14, Kulumsa-1, Kassa-2, and Local check. According to the results, an average yield of 22qt/ha, 22.4 qt/ha 15.6 qt/ha, 19.2q/ha,13.2q/ha, and 9.2q/ha /was harvested from Kuma, Yadano, Bekoji-14, Kulumsa-1, Kassa-2, and Local check Varieties respectively. Yadano variety had a 143.5 %yield advantage over the local check and Kuma had a 139.1% yield advantage over the local check and the variety Kulumsa-1 had a negative 108.7%% yield advantage over the local check and variety Bekoji-14 had 69.6% over the local check and the variety Kassa-2 had 43.5% yield advantage over the local check. The result of the criteria set by the farmers themselves showed that the varieties Yadano, Kuma, Kulumsa-1, Bekoji-14, Kassa-2, and the Local check ranked 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th, and 6th respectively. Based on the result of farmers preference ranking and the yield advantages of the Linseed varieties the tested under FTC met the requirements for the recommendation, Therefore, the Authors conclude that the first three (3) varieties namely Yadano, Kuma, and Kulumsa-1 varieties were recommended for the study areas and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions in the South eastern districts of West Arsi zone as the first, second and third Linseed varieties options respectively. Whereas the remaining 3 (three) varieties namely Bekoji14, and Kassa-2 including the local variety were not recommended due to low productivity in the study area. 21 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-7-145.php Aim: Conduct research on the collection of new genotypes of sweet potatoes introduced under growing conditions in the Kharkiv district of Ukraine. Results and discussion: In the conditions in the Kharkiv district of Ukraine, an assessment was made of 13 genotypes of sweet potato a domestic and foreign selection. The genotypes were very different in length of the growing season, biometric parameters of plants, and productivity. The studied genotypes were divided into three ripeness groups. Samples that characterized the three groups - early ripening: V-1, V-6, А-7, В-4; medium ripening: Оr-3, D-2, М-8; late-ripening: B-9, P-11, B-10, J-12, Е-5, Оk-14. A wide range of shapes was obtained along the length of the stem. All genotypes that entered the mid-ripening group formed long, climbing stems. So, plants of the genotype Or-3 formed long stems similar to vines, 214 cm long. The genotypes of the early ripening group were characterized by lengths from 144 cm (V-6) up to 153 cm (А-7). According to the “Quantity of additional shoots” attribute, the variability range was 4–8 cm, and the coefficient of variation was 17%. Significant variation was observed along the length of the internodes (V = 30%). The variability range was 4.39–9.97 cm. According to the “Quantity of leaves” characteristic, the variability range was 40–77 pcs. And the coefficient of variation was 20%. The genotypes of the middle ripening group that had the largest “Quantity of leaves” were 77 pcs./plant (Оr-3) and 71 pcs./plant (D-2). The smallest was 40 pcs./plant (B-10), 42 pcs./plant (B-9), 44 pcs./plant (P-11). The root tubers in genotype V-6 had an oval shape, smooth peel, and pink color. The flesh was a creamy solid color; it was a sample of sweet potato. The shoots were long, climbing, leaves of a dark green color without anthocyanin color, kidney-shaped. The genotype of sweet potato D-2 of Ukrainian selection was a dessert variety. The tubers of the genotype were elliptical, orange with a smooth peel; the flesh was firm and bright orange. The shoots of the plants were very long, very climbing, and light green. The shoots of the leaves were kidney-shaped, light green. The results showed that table genotypes are of greater value for dietary nutrition. Dessert genotypes are conducive to a variety of diets for people with diabetes. A list of genotypes that can be used by people who follow a diet has been provided. Conclusion: In the conditions in the Kharkiv district of Ukraine, 13 introduced genotypes of sweet potato domestic and foreign breeding were evaluated. They already discovered that the genotypes were different in the growing season by biometric parameters of plants and yields. By using clonal selection in vitro culture, two completely new promising genotypes of domestic selection of sweet potatoes V-6 and D-2 were obtained. Tubers of genotype V-6 were oval, skin smooth, and pink. The average weight of one was 351 g. The raw flesh was cream-colored. Long shoots were woven, their length was 144 cm; the leaves were dark green, and kidney-shaped. Another example of a domestic selection of sweet potato D-2 was a dessert type. The root tubers were elliptical and had an orange color with smooth skin. The average weight of the tubers was 410 g. The raw flesh was a solid bright orange color. Shoots were extremely long -198 cm, very creeping, and had a light green color. The leaves were kidney-shaped and light green. 18 Apr, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-7-144.php The experiment was conducted at Sinana and Agarfa to determine the application rate and frequency of MATICO. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used to lay out the experiment. Logistic model (ln[y/ (1-y)]) was used to estimate r. Correlation and regression analysis were employed to find the relationship between diseases’ severity, yield, and yield-related traits. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for diseases parameters has shown significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments. The highest diseases parameters were recorded from unsprayed and plots sprayed with lower rates and frequency and the lowest was recorded from plots sprayed four tines at 2.5 kg/ha. ANOVA for yield and yield-related traits has shown significant variations (P<0.05) among treatments. The highest pods per plant (21), thousand Kernel Weight (664.7g), and grain yield (3319.4kg/ha) were recorded from plots sprayed four times at 2.5 kg/ha. Simple linear regression has revealed a significant association (P<0.0001) between grain yield and diseases severity and the Correlation of grain yield with diseases severity has depicted a significant negative correlation. The highest marginal rate of return (2126.31%) was obtained from plots sprayed twice at 2.5kg/ha. Therefore, two times application of MATICO WP at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha is recommended. 23 Dec, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-143.php Information on combining ability and heterosis of parents and crossings is crucial in breeding efforts. Genetic variety is crucial to the effectiveness of yield improvement efforts because it helps to broaden gene pools in any given crop population. The genotype's ability to pass the intended character to the offspring is referred to as combining ability. As a result, information on combining ability is required to determine the crossing pairs in the production of hybrid varieties. Heterosis is the expression of an F1 hybrid's dominance over its parents in a given feature, as measured not by the trait's absolute value, but by its practical use. To put it another way, heterosis is defined as an increase in the character value of F1 hybrids when compared to the average value of both parents. A plant breeder's ultimate goal is to achieve desirable heterosis (hybrid vigor). In a variety of crop species, heterosis has been widely employed to boost output and extend the adaptability of hybrid types. A crucial requirement for discovering crosses with significant levels of exploitable heterosis is knowledge of the quantity of heterosis in different cross combinations. Any crop improvement program's success is contingent on the presence of a significant level of genetic diversity and heritability. The lack of a broad genetic foundation is the most significant constraint to crop improvement and a major bottleneck in breeding operations. Heterosis is a critical factor in hybrid generation, particularly for traits driven by non-additive gene activity. To get the most out of heterosis for hybrid cultivar production, germplasm must be divided into distinct heterotic groups. Similarly, knowledge on genetic diversity is critical for hybrid breeding and population improvement initiatives because it allows them to analyze genetic diversity, characterize germplasm, and categorize it into different heterotic groupings. In general, general combining ability is used to detect a line's average performance in a hybrid combination, whereas specific combining ability is used to find circumstances where definite combinations perform better or worse than expected based on the mean performance of the lines involved. 27 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-142.php A field experiment on hybrid maize with different plant population density was conducted at the Agronomy field of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur during the consecutive rabi season of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Five plant population density viz; T1= 66666 plants/ha (75cm × 20cm spacing: 6.67 plants/m2), T2= 83333 plants/ha (60cm × 20cm spacing:8.33 plants/m2), T3=100000 plants/ha (50cm × 20cm spacing:10 plants/m2), T4=125000 plants/ha (40cm × 20cm spacing:12.5 plants/m2) and T5=166666 plants/ha (30cm × 20cm spacing:16.67 plants/m2) were used in the experiment. LAI (leaf area index) and TDM (total dry matter) increased with the increase of plant population, those influenced grain yield of maize. The highest grain yield (10.12-10.78 t/ha) was recorded in T3 (100000 plants/ha) and the lowest (5.02-5.33t/ha) in T5 (166666 plants/ha) treatment. Functional relationship between plant population and grain yield of maize was established as Y = 2.0795x-0.1067x2; (R² = 0.92). The effect of plant population on the grain yield of maize could be explained 92% by the functional model. The co- efficient indicated that increase of one plant/m2 would increase grain yield at the rate of 2.0795 t/ha up to a certain limit. The estimated optimum plant population was 9.74 plants/m2 (974000 plants/ha) through functional model. Then the predicted maximum grain yield would be 10.13 t/ha at that optimum plant population of 9.74 plants/m2 (974000 plants/ha). There existed a good consistency between observed and predicted grain yield of maize (r=0.96 at p<0.01 and R2=0.97; using the developed functional model). 01 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-141.php The medicinal plants contain various chemical constituents which play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. The current review explained the scattered information on medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis. The review contains four medicinal plants (Allium sativum (L), Aloe vera (L), Acalypha indica (L) and Allium cepa (L)) having anti-tubeculosis effects. Moreover, six medicinal plants (Acorus calamus (L), Curcuma longa (L), Ephedra gerardiana, Glycyrrhiza glabra (L), Hygrophila auriculata, Papaver somniferum (L)) have been checked for their toxicological impacts in the treatment of tuberculosis. 01 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-140.php This study was carried out to determine chemical composition and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility of range plant species of the area. Samples were collected from range lands at full maturity stage, dried under shade and subjected to chemical analysis and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility for Vigna sunhum, Andropogan gayanus, Pennisetum Pedicelatum, Shoenfeldia gracilis and Stylothanis flavicans were determined. The data was analyzed via analysis of variance and differences among means were determined using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that the legumes (Vigna sunhum and Stylothanis flavicans) were significantly higher (P≤0.01) in their crude protein content and the percentage of crude protein respectively was 13.4% and 10.00% while the grasses were significant (P≤0.05) higher in Crude Fibre (CF), ash, Acid Detergent Fibers (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fibers (NDF). Crude fiber % values were 41.78, 43.37 and 46.07% for Pennisetum Pedicelatum, Andropogan gayanus and Shoenofeldia gracilis, respectively. The acid detergent values were 53.85, 47.74 and 53.39 for the three weeds. (P≤0.05), while the ratio of neutral detergent was significantly higher (P≤.05) in grasses than in the two legume species; 87.22, 82.35 and 88.99% for the three grasses respectively. Similarly higher in vitro dry matter and organic digestibility coefficients were obtained from legume species than grasses. The study concluded that, the studied grasses were higher in fiber content and lower in their protein content but, legumes grasses (Vigna sunhum, Pennisetum Pedicelatum and Stylothanis flavicans) had high nutritive value and in vitro digestibility which may provide ruminants with the needed protein and energy. 29 Sep, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-139.php Herendeen et al. set up a criterion identifying fossil angiosperms while they named five examples of fossil angiosperms in the same paper. Their normal-appearing operation, however, is fundamentally flawed: their exemplar fossil angiosperms did not honor their own criterion. This operation confused their proponents as well as other botanical researchers, hindering healthy progress in study on the origin of angiosperms. Herendeen et al. are obligated to give a plausible explanation for their perplexing operation. *Nature Plants has been informed of the problem in Herendeen et al. (2017). Nature Plants has refused to fix the problem due to reasons, according to the communication with Dr. Chris Surridge, an editor of Nature Plants. 31 Aug, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-138.php Large Scale Demonstration (LSD) of Faba bean was conducted at Arsi robe district of Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. The district was selected due to its potential for Faba bean production. One cluster was formed in collaboration with district level agricultural experts.Generally the cluster size covered 4.6 hectares of land. A Faba bean varity called “Ashebeka” was demonstrated along with its full-recommended packages. Training were given for a total of 46 participants (39 farmers, 3 DAs and 4 SMS) at different stage on agronomice practice of Faba bean and chemical applications. To raise farmer’s awareness on the performance of the Faba bean techinologies, a field day was organized and by this field day, a total of 74 participants were attended the field events (59 farmeres, 7 Experts and DAs and 5 distinguished guests were attened the events). From the varity demonstrated at study district the variety was acceptable during field visit and field day by farmers due to its disease tolerant and well adaptation and its productivity after harvesting (the varity has a yield advantage overe the Ethiopial national average yield of fababean (21quintals per hectare CSA 2020 and “Ashebeka”; Avarage Yield=30.2; quintals per hectare was recorded in the study area. 31 Aug, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-137.php A total of 5 malt barley clusters which contains 104 hectares of land were formed in collaboration with the districts level experts and “kebeles” level Development Agents (DAs). The Zones were selected due to their potential for Malt barley production.One popular variety called IBON 174/03 was demonstrated along with its full-recommended packages in the study areas.Training were given for a total of 164 participants (135 farmers, 12 DA and 17 experts ) at different stage on production practice of Malt barley techinologies. To raise farmer’s awareness on the performance of the Malt barley techinologies, a total of 5 field days were organized, by these field days, a total of 308 participants were attended the field events (261 farmeres, 15 development agents and 23 Experts 9 Higher Officials and Others were attened the events). The variety (IBON 174/03) demonstrated at study districts was acceptable during field visit and field day by farmers due to its disease tolerant, well adaptation and its productivity after harvesting (at all study areas the variety has showed a yield advantage over the Ethiopial national average yield of barley (21 quintals per hectare CSA;2020. 10 Jul, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-136.php Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) known as a Camel crop of cereals, is among the dominant staple food grains for the majority of Ethiopians. Forty nine sorghum genotypes (hybrids + open pollinated varieties) were tested at five locations in a simple lattice design with two replications during the 2016 main cropping season. The objectives of this study were to determine yield stability using univariate methods and to assess the association among stability parameters of striga resistant sorghum genotypes in the dry lowland areas of Ethiopia. The result of the combined analysis of variance for grain yield revealed highly significant (P≤0.001) difference among Environment (E), Genotype (G) and Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI). Based on the combined ANOVA over locations, the mean grain yield of environments ranged from 588 kg ha-1 in Humera to 4508 kg ha-1 in Sheraro. The highest yield was obtained from ESH-1 (3278 kg ha-1), while the lowest was from K5136 (735 kg ha-1) and the average grain yield of genotypes was 2184 kg ha-1. Different stability models were used in measuring of genotype stability such as AMMI Stability Value (ASV), Yield Stability Index (YSI), coefficient of regression (bi) and deviation from regression (S2di). Yield was significantly correlated with bi (0.91), r2 (0.55) and ASV (-0.56), while it was not correlated with S2di (-0.26). The non-significant correlation among yield and stability statistics indicated that, stability statistics provide information that can not be collected from average yield. The high positive correlation among mean grain yield and stability parameters is expected as the values of these parameters were higher for high yielding genotypes and the vice versa. Highly correlated stability parameters indicate that they can measure stability similarly. However, there were inconsistencies with the univariate stability parameters used, which created uncertainty to select or recommend the stable genotypes. Therefore, as the data is from one year, it is necessary to repeat the experiment at least for one more year across diverse dry lowland areas of Ethiopia. 22 Jun, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-135.php The genetic diversity of Pinus plants has been assessed in various phylogenetic studies that reveal the polymorphism directly at DNA levels. The rbcL and matK are the most commonly used markers for phylogenetic studies of Pinus sp. that exhibit a diverse geophysical adaptiveness and geographical variations across different regions as a result of genotypic modifications. This study evaluated usefulness of rbcL and matK genes for molecular identification and phylogenetic study among various species of Pinus. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor Joining (NJ) analysis of the data obtained from rbcL gene belonging to ten Pinus species revealed four clusters. First Cluster included P. Wallichiana (PW), P.Elliottii (PEl) and P.Greggii (PG). Second cluster included P. Thunbergii (PT), P. Echinata (PE) and P.merkusii (PM). Third cluster included P.taeda (Ptd) and P. khasya (PK) while fourth cluster included P. Roxburghii(PR) and P. patula (PP). Similarly ML and NJ analysis of the data obtained from matK gene belonging to ten Pinus species revealed four cluster and one outgroup. First Cluster included P. Thunbergii (PT), P.Greggii (PG) and P.Elliottii (PEl) Second cluster included P. roxburghii(PR) and P.merkusii (PM)P. Echinata (PE) and third cluster included P. Wallichiana (PW) and P.taeda (Ptd) while fourth cluster included P. Patula (PP) and P. Khasya (PK). P.echinata remained out clustered in this analysis. 04 Jun, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-134.php Pre-scaling up of malt barley was conducted at Kofele District of West Arsi zone of Oromia regional state, to increase farmers’ capacity in production and management practices. Kofele district was selected due to its potential for barley production. One “kebele” was selected in collaboration with Kofele district agricultural and natural resource expert purposively based on potential for malt barley production and availability of land for cluster farming purpose. From selected “Kebele” 85 farmers were selected as team leader, with 410 of follower farmers and a total of 495 farmers were selected for the activity in cropping season (2018/19). An improved variety of malt barley called IBON 174/03 distributed to farmers. Ninety (90) quintals of malt barley were given for the selected farmers. 80 quintals of them were basic seed class whereas the rest 10 quintals had a pre-basic seed class. The seed covered the land size of 72 ha by the malt barley during the production year (2018/19).Training were arranged and delivered on production of malt barley, and chemical applications methods. Besides this awareness on production and packages of malt barley was also delivered to the farmers on the set of June 2019 which was sponsored by Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR)-AGP2 program. Continues Monitoring and evaluation have been done at different time with different experts. Exchange visit as well as both villages based and large scale field days were arranged for further promotion of malt barley to other potential areas. Malt barley is potential crop in the highlands of west Arsi Zone in general and at Kofele District in particular. The crop is used for household consumption as well as industrial crop in generating income for small holder farmers. IBON 174/03 was acceptable during field day by farmers due to their disease tolerant and early maturity. After harvesting farmers like the variety IBON 174/03 due to its productivity (high yield per hectare). From one hectare the productivity of improved malt barley IBON 174/03 an average grain yields 40.2q/ha was recorded. Thus, highland farmers should use IBON 174/03 variety of malt barley in order to increase their malt barley production and generate more income for their livelihood. Further dissemination of malt barley is more expected from concerned body and addressing potential areas. 02 Jun, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-133.php This study reports the analysis of agricultural extension gap among four improved bread wheat varieties at Arsi Robe district, Arsi Zone, along with their management practices under farmers ’condition to enhance farmers’ knowledge and skill on bread wheat production. Four improved bread wheat varieties were used to demonstrate namely Honkolo,DEKA,Hidase(check) and Lemu. Honkolo variety had a 43.8% yield advantage over the standard check (Hidase), DEKA had a 16.4% yield advantage over the standard check (Hidase), and the variety Lemu had a negative -25.8% yield loss or below the standard check (Hidase) and it conclude that both Honkolo and DEKA varieties are the first and second option for the farmers whereas the variety Lemu is not recommended due to low productivity in the study area and others areas having similar agro ecologies. The result of agricultural extension gap analysis showed that Honkolo variety had a -2.7q/ha yield increment or in other words Honkolo variety had achieved 104.3% of the potential at research field and had a 4.3% yield advantage than the research field. According to the result DEKA variety had a 2.8q/ha yield gap or in other words DEKA variety had achieved 95% of the potential and the remaining 5% lack due to extension gap. Again the result Hidase variety had a 24.3q/ha yield reduction or in other words Hidase variety had achieved 65.3% of the potential and had a 34.7% yield penalty than the research field. Again the result Lemu variety had a 31.1q/ha yield reduction or in other words Lemu variety had achieved 52.2% of the potential and had a 47.8% yield penalty than the research field. Therefore, the lower the percentage of agricultural extension gap the higher will be the option for the production. The agricultural extension gap analysis indicate that there is no extension gap in terms of Honkolo variety where as there is a bit extension gap (5%) among DEKA variety producer farmers and a wide extension gap among Hidase and lemu varieties producer farmers. And in their average yield gap and yield performance between demonstration conducted at farmers field and the potential of the varieties at research field, having -2.7 q/ha, 2.8q/ha, 24.3q/ha and 31.1q/ha for Honkolo, DEKA, Hidase and Lemu respectively. This indicates that the varieties Honkolo and DEKA are the first and second option of varieties for farmers respectively and both are feasible if produced in the study areas and other areas having similar agro ecologies. Based on the rules of decision making and extension gap on the bread wheat varieties producers the two varieties (Honkolo and DEKA) met the requirements for recommendation.Therefore,the authors recommend Honkolo and DAKA varieties for Arsi Robe district and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions in the South eastern districts. 29 Apr, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-132.php Crop improvement is very crucial to satisfy the world demand in the presence of different challenges like climate change, reducing arable land and increasing population growth. Crop improvement program is continuously striving to increase crop yield, enhance crop quality and improve crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Domestication has a great role in increasing agricultural productivity through selecting suitable crop plants to human beings like high yielding varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved nutritional quality, big seed and fruit size, non-shattering, reduction of seed dispersal mechanisms, a more compact growth habit, early matured crop plants. Domesticated food crops are derived from a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of wild ancestors through artificial selection for different traits. Plant breeding and domestication of crop plants have a profound impact on the genetic diversity through selecting the desirable crops by neglecting other crop plants with undesirable traits. Domestication of crop plants shifted from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies which leaded the rise of modern civilization. The amount or quantum of genetic diversity available in a breeding population is referred to as genetic base of that population. In other words, genetic base represents spectrum of genetic variability in a plant breeding population. Depending upon the amount of genetic diversity present in a plant breeding population, genetic base is of two types, viz. broad genetic base and narrow genetic base. Plant populations that are composed of several pure lines, inbred lines or heterozygotes and homozygotes are said to have broad genetic base. Examples of such populations are mass selected varieties, multiline varieties, synthetics, composites and land races. Such genotypes have wider adaptation to environmental changes. Those plant populations that have been developed from single homozygote or heterozygote are-said to have narrow genetic base. Examples of such populations are pure line variety, varieties developed by backcross, pedigree method bulk method, and single seed decent method, clonal variety and hybrids between two inbred lines or pure lines. Genetic loss is directly connected with the reduction of genetic diversity including the loss of individual genes and as well as the loss of particular combinations of genes such as those manifested in locally adapted landraces. Eventually, genetic erosion is the depletion in population variation because of inbreeding and genetic drift which is largely causes the endangerment of small isolated populations. Narrowing of genetic diversity might result the complete loss of crop plants. Crop improvement is very crucial to satisfy the world demand in the presence of different challenges like climate change, reducing arable land and increasing population growth. Crop improvement program is continuously striving to increase crop yield, enhance crop quality and improve crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Domestication has a great role in increasing agricultural productivity through selecting suitable crop plants to human beings like high yielding varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved nutritional quality, big seed and fruit size, non-shattering, reduction of seed dispersal mechanisms, a more compact growth habit, early matured crop plants. Domesticated food crops are derived from a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of wild ancestors through artificial selection for different traits. Plant breeding and domestication of crop plants have a profound impact on the genetic diversity through selecting the desirable crops by neglecting other crop plants with undesirable traits. Domestication of crop plants shifted from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies which leaded the rise of modern civilization. The amount or quantum of genetic diversity available in a breeding population is referred to as genetic base of that population. In other words, genetic base represents spectrum of genetic variability in a plant breeding population. Depending upon the amount of genetic diversity present in a plant breeding population, genetic base is of two types, viz. broad genetic base and narrow genetic base. Plant populations that are composed of several pure lines, inbred lines or heterozygotes and homozygotes are said to have broad genetic base. Examples of such populations are mass selected varieties, multiline varieties, synthetics, composites and land races. Such genotypes have wider adaptation to environmental changes. Those plant populations that have been developed from single homozygote or heterozygote are-said to have narrow genetic base. Examples of such populations are pure line variety, varieties developed by backcross, pedigree method bulk method, and single seed decent method, clonal variety and hybrids between two inbred lines or pure lines. Genetic loss is directly connected with the reduction of genetic diversity including the loss of individual genes and as well as the loss of particular combinations of genes such as those manifested in locally adapted landraces. Eventually, genetic erosion is the depletion in population variation because of inbreeding and genetic drift which is largely causes the endangerment of small isolated populations. Narrowing of genetic diversity might result the complete loss of crop plants. 16 Apr, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-131.php The study was conducted during 2020, at Fedis district of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State; Ethiopia. Composting is a process where waste organic materials derived from plants and/or animals are decomposed by microbial action under aeration to produce a friable homogenous product that is added to soil. Biological, chemical and physical degradation of the soil and reduced yields of the most major crops at Fadis district was the major problem of the area .This was deuto the reliance of farmers on chemical fertilizer alone, and continuous depletion of soil organic matter. Thus why this study was designed with the objectives of to prepare and characterize nutrient composition of different vermicompost and to identify quality vermicompost for crop production. Different source of materials like Wheat, Sorghum, Soybean residues, Haricot bean, Maize stock, chick pea, Finger millet, Groundnut residues, Rhodes grass and Bracharia were used to prepare vermicompost. The collected substrates were chopped and added to the worm bin. Animal manure was added to all substrates in equal amount. The ratio of 1:2was used and Pit method was used for vermi compost preparation. Composite vermi compost sample were analyzed for essential nutrients and chemical properties of compost. The Electrical conductivity of vermicompost under this study was falls in the ranges of 3.22 dS m--6.7 dS m-1 this alkalinity range is suitable for growth of most crops. According to result (Figure 1), the pH value was in the ranges of 7.2-8.4. A pH greater than 8.5 and electrical conductivity of 8 dS m-1 were found to harm both plants and earthworms. Out of all analyzed vermicompost, the highest total nitrogen (TN3.21%) was recorded from vermicompost made from ground nut, soybean (2.93%) and haricot bean (2.73%) substrates and the highest available phosphorus (787.75 mg/kgV. Compost) and 787.75mg/kg Compost) was obtained from vermicompost of haricot bean and chick pea followed by wheat (715.93) respectively. This was the tripled and doubled of TN% available in the soil and conventional compost. Their variation might be attributed to nature of different substrates. Vermi compost made from haricot bean was rich in all essential nutrients and other quality parameters and the most quality vermicompost for plant growth followed by soya bean and chick pea. 12 Apr, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-130.php The wild rice Oryza coarctata (Roxb.) is an herbaceous halophytic plant belongs to the grass family poaceae prevalent to the coastal regions of Southern Asia. The O. coarctata is the only hydro-halophytic rice germplasm under the genus Oryza and shows high salinity. Caryopsis ultrastructure of O. coarctata was compared with another wild rice O. rufipogon through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) including leaf surface anatomy to unveil the differentiation between the two species of Oryza. In O. rufipogon, embryo is small and orthodox type with long viability, in O. coarcata, embryo is large size and recalcitrant type. In O. coarctata, lower part of the spikelet has callus and expanded disc-like structure, without any globose rachilla, lemma devoid of tubercles, prickles and microhairs. Leaves of O. coarctata contain salt hairs and salt glands to secrete excessive salt, during high salt concentration which is a most important characteristic of this halophytic wild rice. Caryopsis endosperm contains starch granule of spherical shape with protein bodies in O. coarctata, whereas polygonal or hexagonal with moderate angularity starch granule in O. rufipogon. Aleurone layer is not so distinct in O. coarctata in compared to O. rufipogon, where it is clear and distinct. Protein profiling was studied through SDSPAGE for banding pattern variation analysis. This study of rice caryopsis ultrastructure and leaf surface anatomy including salt-hairs will contribute to the knowledge about the conservation of such precious germplasm of Sudarban mangrove region for the improvement of climate resilient rice varieties in future through pre-breeding and transgenic system. 10 Mar, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-129.php Pesticide is commonly used for growing more food successfully to feed the increasing population of Bangladesh. It is a great challenge to provide food to people coping with the demand of nation. Consequently, high inputs like fertilizer, irrigation, pesticides were adopted to enhance crop productivity. Now, it is well known that pesticide has many harmful effects. Extensive expose of pesticides resulted in contamination of air, soil, water and food [1], interring into the food chain caused human health hazard and diseases) [2]. 08 Mar, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-128.php The genetic map is the chromosome linear linkage map that uses the chromosome recombination and exchange rate as the relative length and genetic markers as the main body. Genetic-map construction is a critically important tool for further genomic studies, as well as for genetic breeding of economically important species. Linkage maps are estimates of the distance between two genetic loci, based on the frequency of recombination. A genetic linkage map with high density and resolution is a critical and indispensable tool in a wide range of genetic and genomic researches. Highly saturated genetic linkage maps are extremely helpful to breeders and are an essential prerequisite for many biological applications such as the identification of marker-trait associations, mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), candidate gene identification, development of molecular markers for Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) and comparative genetic studies. Molecular markers are the basis for high-resolution genetic linkage map construction and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) fine-mapping, which provide powerful tools for genetic analyses of economic traits. With the rapid development of the biotechnology, dominant DNA markers were gradually replaced by co-dominant markers in genetic mapping including Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites (SSRs). The research area of Association Mapping (AM) is currently receiving major attention for genetic studies of quantitative traits in all major crops. With the development of molecular marker technology in the 1980s, the fate of plant breeding has changed. Different types of molecular markers have been developed and advancement in sequencing technologies has geared crop improvement. Genetic mapping uses the Mendelian principles of segregation and recombination to determine the relative proximity of DNA markers along the chromosomes of an organism. The progress made in molecular plant breeding, genetics, genomic selection and genome editing has contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of molecular markers and provided deeper insights into the diversity available for crops and greatly complemented breeding stratagems. Genetic markers are important developments in the field of plant breeding. The genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known chromosome location controlling a particular gene or trait. Genetic markers are closely related with the target gene and they act as sign or flags. 02 Feb, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-127.php Onion (Allium cepa) is popularly called as “Queen of Kitchen” as it is used as food, salad, spice, condiment and in medicine. Currently, the production is practiced all over the round for its daily uses in food and source of income and for commercial purposes starting from the introduction in the country as planting material from Sudan. However, its productivity is constrained by both biotic and abiotic factors of production. Thrips, thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the most limiting factor and causes significant yield loses among biotic factors. In this study, the efficacy of the new insecticide (Diesel (Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate) was tested with standard check (CORSA (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4 21 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-126.php The exclusive attribute of the planet earth is the presence of life, and the remarkable trait of life is the variety or the diversity, which is also known as biodiversity. As per ScienceDaily news 2020, it is assessed that about 15 million distinct species are present on earth and only 2 million of them are presently recognized by science. Biodiversity is diminishing at an alarming pace. It is our responsibility to protect biodiversity as efficaciously as possible. In the previous few years lot of emphasis has been laid on establishing that biodiversity loss is one of the tremendous problems which can threat even the very own existence of human race on earth, if left neglected. It is high time, we put our sincere efforts in understanding the underlying causes responsible for the loss of various species on our planet. The present review discusses the principal factors responsible for the loss of biodiversity such as pollution, habitat loss, hunting, introduction of invasive species, overexploitation of preferred species, climate change and natural disasters. 12 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-6-125.php Tomato is one of the most remunerable and widely grown vegetables in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate tomato varieties for nematode and Ralstonia diseases resistance and productivity. The experiment was conducted under a complete randomized design experiment with three replications at Hawassa University shade house. Four varieties of tomato were inoculated with nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), Ralstonia solanacearum and mixed bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas) in single and in combination of them with a total of six treatments. The multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect both for varieties and treatments for most yield and growth parameters except for unmarketable fruit yield per plant and weight of unmarketable fruit per plant. Tomato var. Venise produced the highest total yield (7556.33g) whereas Galilea variety gave the lowest total yield (2656.4g). Based on the yield performance, nematode and ralstonia resistance rating, Venise was found to be the best tomato variety followed by Awassa for disease resistance and productivity. Variety Galilea was severely affected by Meloidogyne incognita as well as by the Ralstonia solanacearum and produced the lowest marketable fruit percentage. None of the tomato varieties was found highly resistant (0 % disease severity) to Meloidogyne incognita and Ralstonia solanacearum. Therefore, there is a need to develop nematode and Ralstonia-resistant tomato varieties. 30 Dec, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-124.php Small-holder farmers’ livelihoods basically depend on agricultural products and other related activities. Based on this impression, Agricultural Extension Research team conducted cluster-based pre-scaling up of improved tomato variety (Malka shola) at Harari region in two kebeles (Aradas) Kile and Dodota with objectives of scale up the improved Tomato technologies for increasing the production and productivity for the improvement of small-scale farmers livelihood and strengthen the linkages among stakeholders on the promotion of tomato technologies for one year (2019/2020). For this research activity, 100 farmers with 40% (pre-harvest to post harvest) women composition were participated by grouping them in three clusters, from land preparation to marketing of their products. As a result, 21.88ton/ha at cluster1 12.37ton/ha at cluster 2 and 14.59ton/ha at cluster 3 were produced from the total 75 hectares of land by irrigation system at off season in which Agricultural Extension Research team provided all necessary inputs to targeted farmers according to the land size they own and know how. Throughout this research activity implementation the disease occurrence, ups and down of market price, shortage of seed supply and non-frequent advices from immediate local development agents were raised by farmers as challenges. Therefore, research institutes, government’s development organizations, NGOs, and other stakeholders should jointly focus on plant protection, market linkage strengthening, facilitation, capacitating, monitoring and evaluate on ground situation at field and farmers level. 05 Nov, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-123.php Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Maize is one of the plants which mostly used for indigenous food like bread, injera, qolo, nifiro and soup in Ethiopia. Despite farmers of Mizan-Aman produce maize, they challenged in a low amount of the production that comes from unknown causes. Therefore, this study was conducted to access the production of smallholder farmers and to identify factors that influence production of maize. The study based on the information which collected from 105 randomly selected farmers, using self-administrative questionnaire. The multiple linear regressions were used and identified factors of maize production. In addition, data diagnostics analysis was used to determine the goodness of the regression model on the maize yield. According to the result, the mean production of maize in study was 33.72 quintal per hectare. Additionally, the regression result revealed that productions of maize were significantly influenced by the education level of producers, fertilizer use, and variety maize seeds that used since each of them have p-value 0.04, 0.000 and 0.042 respectively. Thus, the study suggested, Mizan-Aman developmental agricultural workers must help the maize producer farmers on education level, fertilizer use and seed of maize to improve their production. Furthermore, education level of the farmers will be improved by give training on farming and farming related technologies. 24 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-122.php Our article is briefly define my self , it is based on the plant life . In which i describe that how plant response under normal temperature. The changes in the temperature over the next 30-50 years are predicted to be in the range of 2-3°C . Our script are not based on the academic experimental method . In this work i was used seeds of soybean & chickpea only for to know how plant responses under normal temperature condition with normal tap water. I was put the some seeds of soybean & chickpea, and was sowing different pots with fertile soil. This work is related to our dissertation experiment, and i was apply at in my indoor garden due to crisis (Covid-19) period. I have identify that the impact of maximum and minimum temperature range on height of both plant only at one month time period. Result of this work, at normal temperature with enough water supply the height of both plant normal but at the high temperature the plant height decline. Extreme temperature events may have short term duration of a few days with temperature increase of over 5°C above the normal temperature. This script suggested that kept the poted plant under normal temperature range with required water. 20 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-121.php Garlic Herbicide verification trial was conducted at Goba and Sinana districts of Bale highlands south eastern Ethiopia. CBD was used for this experiment. Mogfeen 240EC herbicide was verified by SARC at on station and Goba in 2018 Gena season. The effects of herbicide on the growth, yield components and Yield of Garlic had determined. On the other hand, parameters such as relative weed density (RWD), Weed Index (WI) and Weed Control Index (WCI) were collected to determine the efficacy of Mogfeen 240EC on broadleaf weeds, Sedges and Grass weeds. Accordingly, 99% of Broad leaf weeds and 1% grass weeds were observed before herbicide application. Mogfeen 240EC reduces broad leaves weed by about 82.73% and grass weeds by about 63.022% within first round application. On the other hand, the efficiency of this herbicide in controlling broad leaves weeds within the first round application round was about 73.17% whereas its efficiency in controlling grass weeds was 93.22%. Within the second round application 15 days later of first round application all weeds were controlled completely. On the other hand, plots treated with the herbicide showed about 68.42%, 7.02% yield advantage over weed free and hand weeded plots respectively. Therefore, Mogfeen 240EC herbicide was verified and recommended for the production of Garlic at Bale and similar agro ecologies. 01 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-120.php Plant spacing is one of the agronomic practices that influence crop growth and development. The influence of spacing on weed interference and fruit yield of Capsicum annum was evaluated at the Teaching Research farm, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu during 2019 planting season. Three treatment consisted of chilli pepper transplanted at 60cm x 60cm, 60cm x 45cm and 60cm x 35cm replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Parameters tested were, Weed Cover Score (WCS), Weed Density (WD), Weed Fresh Weight (WFW), Plant Height (PH), Stem Girth (SG) and number of leaves at 3, 6 and 9 (WAT), number of days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plot and fruit yield. Result showed that, plant density significantly affected the yield of pepper. Pepper transplanted at 60cm x 45cm gave highest yield (124kg/ha-1) and moderate weed suppression, as against 60cm x 60cm and 60cm x 35cm which recorded 36.96kg/ha-1 and 32,49 kg/ha-1 respectively. It is therefore recommended that farmers in Ikorodu should adopt 60cm x 45cm for growing chilli pepper. 17 Jun, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-119.php Small holder farmers face the problem of dietary diversity and income generation in their living system. 01 May, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-118.php The production of hybrid Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is started very recently in Ethiopia that requires extensive research to exploit heterosis to increase the productivity of the crop. 09 Mar, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-5-117.pdf Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for crop production in many of the world’s agricultural areas and its effi cient use is important for the economic sustainability of cropping systems. In the past several years, the application of synthetic Nitrogen (N) fertilizer to farmland resulted in a dramatic increase in crop yields but with considerable negative impacts on the environment. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of N and its tendency for loss from soil‐plant systems creates a challenge for its effi cient management. New solutions were therefore needed to reduce N loss and to maximize the nitrogen use effi ciency with a simultaneous increase in crop yield. Studies undertaken so far on enhancing the NUE have emphasized integrated utrient management (conjoint use of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and biofertilizers) and other management practices involving the right source, time, rate and method of application. This review paper discusses N dynamics in soil‐plant systems and outlines the possibilities of enhancing Nitrogen-Use Effi ciency (NUE) through different Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) approaches. 24 Dec, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-4-116.php Maize hybrid responds differently to various N rates and plant spacing with changing in grain yield and phenological period to reflect the respond. A field experiment was conducted at Bako research farm in the year 2017 to determine the response of maize phenology and grain yield for various nitrogen fertilizer rates and plan spacing. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial combination with three replications. Three plant spacing i.e. 20cm, 30cm and 40cm, with one row spacing of 75cm and six nitrogen rates i.e. 0kg ha-1, 23kg ha-1, 46kg ha-1, 69kg ha-1, 92kg ha-1 and 115kg ha-1 were assigned to the experimental plot by factorial combinations. The results showed that reduction in plant spacing and nitrogen starvation resulted delaying to attain 50% tasseling and silking while it speeding up maturity period. Maximum grain yield (10,207.8 kilo gram per hectare) obtained under the narrowest plant spacing (20 centimeters) with application of the highest rate of nitrogen (115 kilo gram nitrogen per hectare). This yield result surpassed by 8.9% compared to the standard check. The experiment indicated an increasing trend of grain yield with increasing N rate and decreasing plant spacing, so further increasing of N rates and reducing plant spacing might further increased the grain yield. 28 Jan, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-4-115.php The knowledge base of pharmacy medicine is changing. Even five decades ago rural people used to visit kobiraj doctors for traditional medication mostly obtained from the roots and leaves of the remote plants (As seen in old dramas and movies). During 70’s to 8o’, a modern allopathy system taken over most of it and plant medicines were completely became obsolete. However, the Bangladeshi traditional medicine is a unique conglomerate of different ethnomedical influences. Due to the geographic location and sociocultural characteristics of the country, it involves traditionally rooted elements influenced by local indigenous people and close-by Indian Ayurveda and Unani medicine. 31 Dec, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-3-114.php The primary factors those influenced yield potential of maize crop are genotypes, environment and interaction between them. Thus Evaluation of different maize varieties under different environmental condition helps to select the superior one in its yield potential among treatments. To verify this fact the field experiment was conducted during rainy season with three planting times, at Bako and Uke in 2016. Planting times were designed with 7 days interval among each planting time for each location. The first planting was done in may 25/ 2016 and in may 27/2016 for Uke and Bako respectively. 02 Nov, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-3-113.php The yield of maize is highly sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant spacing. The space of plant is also varied depend on crop architecture and available resources. Some recent hybrids have erected and narrow leaf nature so that providing space for growing additional crop stands to increase yield per unit area. Hybrid BH-546 is among such hybrids which has erected and narrow leaf nature, but its optimum nitrogen rate and spacing has not been determined yet. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at Bako research farm in the year 2017 to determine the optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization and intra row spacing. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Three intra row spacing viz., 75x40 cm, 75x30 cm and 75x20 cm accommodating 33, 333, 44,444 and 66, 666 plants ha-1 respectively, with six nitrogen levels viz. 0, 23, 46, 69, 92 and 115 kgha-1 were assigned to the experimental plot by factorial combinations. 31 Jul, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-3-112.php This paper is a review of various articles and documents on distribution and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien plant species. It provides information on distribution and problems posed by these species. The spread of invasive alien species is neither easy to manage nor easy to reverse, threatening not only biodiversity but also economic development and human wellbeing. 05 Jul, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-3-111.php Abutilon indicum is a common Indian shrub, belonging to the family Malvaceae; Also known as Mallow in english, Abutilon indicum is used as a medicinal plant. It has been extensively used as a traditional medicine as a laxative, emollient, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and blood tonic agent and also in the treatment of leprosy, urinary disease, jaundice, piles, relieving thirst, cleaning wounds and ulcers, vaginal infections, diarrhea, rheumatism, mumps, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, allergy, blood dysentery, some nervous and some ear problems. 07 May, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-3-109.php A participatory varietal selection trial on Spring Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at Farmer’s field of Dhamilikuwa, Lamjung, Nepal with objective to identify high yielding promising spring rice genotypes suitable for marginal soils and farmer’s interests during spring season 2017. Seven spring rice genotypes including local check variety (Dhamilikuwa local) were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that yield and yield attributes were statically different among genotypes except spikelet fertility. Maximum grain yield was found in Hardinath-1 (4.81 ton/ha) which was statically similar with genotypes OM2574, PK 19333-9-9-1-1-5-5-4-1 and superior than local check variety (Dhamilikuwa local), IR 09N-503, IR 09N-538 NR 2168-65-1-1-1-1-1. On participatory varietal selection, the farmer preference score was found maximum in genotype PK 19333-9-9-1-1-5-5-4-1 which signifies this genotype may have certain traits of farmer preference. 12 Mar, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-3-108.php Research activities and data collection of metals present in living organisms are called as “metallomics”. In metallomics, biomolecules incorporating metal ions viz. 06 Nov, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-2-107.php Ground water arsenic contamination is a global problem affecting thousands of people worldwide, thus present study was aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that green tea extracts, having high polyphenolic content, might be able to combat the oxidative cellular damage caused by arsenic toxicity and to prevent further development of free radicals. 29 Apr, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-2-106.php The effi cacy of allopatric Tephrosia vogelii in killing eggs and larvae of the sand fl y Phlebotomus duboscqi was tested in the laboratory. In this study effects of both water and crude powder extracs of Tephrosia vogelii were tested against against pre-emerginal stages of P. duboscqi in the laboratory. 10 Mar, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-2-105.php Forty-four patients (27 males and 17 females) with Chronic Non-healing Ulcers that had been refractory to conventional treatment were enrolled in a single arm pre- and post-treatment clinical trial. 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-1-104.php Estimating production of fine roots (diameter ≤ 2 mm) is significant important to understand carbon cycle of forest ecosystem as it may contributes up to 70% of total net primary production. The estimation of fine root production is left behind in many parts, especially in developing countries including Vietnam. 14 Oct, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-1-103.php Abstract In order to further understand the relationships between flower development and sugar metabolism in grapevine, the fluctuations of both starch and sucrose contents were compared with the activity of their related enzymes, in the inflorescences, from the appearance of flower buds until the fruit set. The measurements were carried out on GW and PN cvs., differing in their sensitivity to the flower abscission. The meiosis stage, which is a crucial step for the achievement of sexual reproduction, was particularly screened. Results indicate that the main differences in carbohydrate metabolism occur during meiosis. In the inflorescences of both cvs., variations of enzyme activities can be correlated with their differences in sugar contents. Starch fluctuations were mediated by the activity of amylases (alpha- and beta-) rather than by starch synthase. Changes of sucrose were correlated with the activity of Starch Synthase degradation, both cytoplasmic and wall-bounded invertases but not with the Sucrose Phosphate Synthase activity. Finally, the significant increase of sucrose degrading enzyme activities, such as Starch Synthase degradation, cytoplasmic invertase, and wall-bound invertase, observed after the flower separating stage was interpreted as the first sign of the strong physiological modifications occurred in the ovaries between fertilization and the fruit formation 18 May, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-1-102.php Abstract At least 17 elements are known to be essential for plants; however, plants also absorb and accumulate various nonessential elements. Plants re-translocate different elements, including essential and nonessential elements, with differing efficiencies from mature to young developing organs via the phloem transport, resulting in different distributions of minerals in these organs. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the concentrations of 23 elements in young and mature leaves of different leaf vegetable crops to comprehensively understand the mineral dynamics in plants. The allocation profiles of minerals in leaves of varying ages differed among species. For example, a higher molybdenum allocation profile was observed in young crown daisy ( Glebionis coronaria ) leaves, which might be related to the efficient nitrate assimilation in young leaves of this species. Thus, this study provides a new insight into the mineral uptake and transport mechanisms in plants. 25 Feb, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/OJPS-1-101.php Abstract New o -benzoquinone and a C 16 long-chain para -coumarate ester were isolated from Lonchocarpus nicou roots. Their structural elucidations are based on different spectroscopic data analysis. In addition, the known pterocarpanoids maackiain and flemichapparin-B never reported in L. nicou were also isolated along with rotenone, the major phytochemical from this tropical liana.