https://www.organscigroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-thyroid-research A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 11 Jun, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-7-115.php Introduction: The diagnosis and treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) in preconception and early pregnancy has been an area of debate. The challenge of managing SCH further lies in often suboptimal patient understanding of the condition given its asymptomatic state. This study aimed to assess whether patient education materials could improve patient knowledge about SCH and encourage compliance with clinical management. Furthermore, we reviewed the current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SCH in preconception and pregnancy. Methods: Patients who presented to the Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Clinic, Augusta University, Georgia, USA between July 2023 and February 2024, who were attempting to conceive or in early pregnancy, and who met the SCH diagnostic criteria were invited to participate in this prospective cohort study. The study participants completed a pre-education and demographic questionnaire, underwent a brief consultation with a provider who reviewed the SCH information sheet, and then completed the post-education questions. Paired Wilcoxon rank-sum tests of significance were used to evaluate the change in pre- and post-education scores. Results: Thirteen patients completed the survey. There was a range of pre-existing knowledge about SCH in our study population. Most patients acquired knowledge about SCH diagnosis (Q1: P = 0.013) during the counseling. Patient education improved their attitudes about the treatment of SCH with levothyroxine (Q3: P = 0.029). Conclusion: While the clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of SCH in preconception and early pregnancy continue to evolve as more research becomes available, patient education can significantly improve their knowledge about the condition and encourage compliance with treatment if indicated. 05 Sep, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-6-114.php Background: Precise accurate triage of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during hospitalization for early identification of individuals at risk of developing severe disease is essential as Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are overwhelmed by the pandemic burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function in patients with COVID-19. Methods: 60 healthy controls and 180 patients were admitted to a cardiothoracic hospital, Minia University, Egypt, between March 2020 and September 2021 without a history of thyroid disease. Patients divided as 60 non-COVID pneumonia patients with a similar degree of severity were included as another control group to find any unique effects of COVID-19 on thyroid function, 120 positive COVID-19 divided according to clinical classifications into moderate (n = 58), severe (n = 21), and critical (n = 41), Critical group were admitted to ICU and classified to survivors (n = 33) and non-survivors (n = 8). COVID patients also were divided into tertiles according to their FT3 levels. Lowes tertile (n = 45), middle tertile (n = 37) and highest tertile (n = 38). All participants underwent routine physical checkups, acute physiology, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE-II) scores. The outcome measure was death during hospitalization; intensive care admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of hospitalization. We analyzed the ability of each parameter to predict mortality in participants. Further, we also evaluated whether the combination of free triiodothyronine (FT3) level with APACHE-II score could improve the mortality prediction. Results: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was lower than normal range in 56.7% (68/120) of patients with COVID-19. TSH and serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients than healthy control and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. TSH and FT3 were lower in severe COVID-19 with statistical significance (p < 0.001) and both positively correlated with the severity. The free thyroxine (FT4) in COVID-19 patients was not significantly different from the control group. Patients in the lowest FT3 tertile had significantly higher rates of mortality (18/40), mechanical ventilation (24/53.3), and intensive care unit admission (20/44.4). In univariate analyses, FT3 remained the most significant independent predictor of death. Conclusion: The changes in serum TSH and FT3 levels may be important manifestations of COVID-19 courses.FT3 levels can serve as a prognostic tool for disease severity in early presentation of COVID-19. 12 Nov, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-5-113.php The purpose of this mini-review is to provide the latest information on the treatment of Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) in the era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is well documented that SAT has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patients, so early and proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary in order to reduce or even eliminate the severity of symptoms, frequency of relapses, and permanent hypothyroidism. This requires a multidisciplinary management approach in order to meet patients’ special needs. The present mini-review aims to summarize recent research evidence regarding the therapeutic management of SAT with special recommendations for COVID-19-associated SAT. 07 Feb, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-5-112.php This study is intended to provide for decision-makers simple criteria for determining which option or approach either dilute and disperse or concentrate and store of the Patient’s Excreta after Iodine therapy would be identical to the exemption criteria, the radiation risk is sufficiently low as not to warrant any further control and has no regulatory concern. Additionally, ensure that the selected option would be inherently safe, with no appreciable likelihood of scenarios that could lead to a failure to meet both no concern and no regulatory control. 06 Dec, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-3-111.php Thyroid chemicals is a piece of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid. The Hypothalamus discharge a low plasma convergence of thyroid chemical and produces Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) into the hypophysis framework. 24 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-2-110.php Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate tumour in contralateral thyroid lobe who underwent lobectomy and isthmusectomy for solitary thyroid nodule and proved malignant on histopathology and subsequently underwent completion thyroidectomy. 04 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-2-109.php Background: Thyroid disorders are common surgical pathology in our part of world. Most commonly encountered complication after thyroid surgery are hypocalcaemia, hoarseness of voice, wound infection, seroma formation and thoracic duct injuries secondary to modifi ed neck dissections. The aim of this study is to share the experience of thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan with rest of the world. 11 Jun, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-2-108.php Background: Flourodeoyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (FDG PET-CT) provides information about the anatomic structures and metabolic activities of tumors. The incidence of thyroid incidentaloma is rare on FDG PET-CT but it is related to malignancy when it is detected to be high. Although, patients who are already treated with another primary tumor can not be searched for second thyroid malignancy each time. The aim of this study was to evaluate TI RADS classification based on a score modified according to ultrasound (US) criteria for malignancy of thyroid nodules determined on FDG PET/CT imaging. 05 Mar, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-2-107.php Thyroid nodules are very frequent in the general population, with a low occurrence of malignancy among them. The present study was conducted on 517 patients of both sexes recruited at the Endocrinology Ambulatory of UNAERP, a secondary health service. The sample consisted of 464 women (80.97%) and 53 men (20.03%) with thyroid nodules ranging in age from 15 to 89 years (mean: 52.3 years; 51.8 years for women and 57.1 years for men). A total of 1808 nodules were investigated (1468 in women and 340 in men) and 67 lesions with calcification were detected, 14 of them classified as malignant. Standard ultrasound of the 67 nodules revealed that 53 lesions were hypoechoic, 7 were hyperechoic, and 7 isoechoic. Of the 14 malignant lesions, 8 (57%) were classified as hypoechoic, 3 (21.5%) as isoechoic, and 3 as hyperechoic (21.5%), with 6 of them containing microcalcifications, 4 containing macrocalcifications, 3 peripheral calcifications, and 1 a mixed calcification. 05 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-1-106.php Hypopituitarism may involve the loss of one, several or all hormones of the pituitary gland. It is therefore necessary to complete to determine which hormone (s) are defi cient and need to be replaced. Hormone replacement is possible for all hormones pituitary glands except for prolactin and oxytocin. 26 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-1-105.php Background: Hypothyroidism has been classically considered as a cause of hyponatremia. This causality has been controversial in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to reexamine the association between thyroid state and serum sodium concentration in a large cohort of subjects. 13 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-1-104.php Major purpose of the management of thyroid nodules is to distinguish between malignant nodules and the benign ones. 22 Feb, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-1-103.php Introduction: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the level of thyroid hormones synthesized in the thyroid gland. Its measurement greatly facilitates the clinical diagnosis as well as management of pituitary-thyroid diseases. 02 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-1-102.php Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinaemia are related to thyroid nodule growth and development, but the effect of exogenous insulin therapy on thyroid nodules is unknown. 02 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/OJTR-1-101.php Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is worldwide diffused with up to 50% of incidence in the population of the developed countries and the most virulent strains carrying the cytotoxin-associated gene A antigens.